PAST PERFECT

Past Perfect is expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that sometthing happened before a specific time in the past.

Subject + "had" + Verb3 + Object

1. Completed Action before Something in The Past (when, before, after, already, as soon as, just)

    Example:

    a. As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed.

    b. I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Anyer.

    c. It had already stopped raining when I bought an umbrella.

    d. The whole house had just burnt down when the fireman got there.

    e. As soon as she had got married. She regretted it.

2. Duration before Something in The Past

    Example:

    a. When he graduated, he had been in London for six years.

    b. We had had that car for ten years before it broken down.

    c. Everyone had gone home by the Darda had got to the party.

    d. By the time Aisyah got home, Rahmah had already cooked dinner.

    e. By the time Arfan finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.

3. Explain or Give Reason

    Example:

    a. I'd eaten dinner so I wasn't hungry.

    b. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

    c. I lost so much weight because I had begun exercising.

    d. He stayed up all nigt because he had received a lot of homework.

    e. They were in shock because they had never thought about it before.

4. Reported Speech

    Example:

    a. Mary said she had already seen this film.

    b. Haikal said that he had never eaten sushi before.

    c. She told me that she had finished, but I knew she had not.

    d. He told me that he hadn't done his homework, but he was hoping to finish it on the bus.

    e. I thought I had sent her a birthday card, nut I was wrong.

5. Third Conditional

    Example:

    a. If I had known you were ill, I would have visited you.

    b. If Mary had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.

    c. If only I had known the answer to that question.

    d. If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a better present.

    e. I would have been very angry if you had laughed when I got the answer wrong.

Source : Aplication 12 Tenses, English Grammar